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Please visit our EBAY STORE at the link directly below for HUNDREDS of HISTORICAL NEWSPAPERS on sale or at auction: http://stores.ebay.com/Steve-Goldman-HISTORICAL-NEWSPAPERS_W0QQsspagenameZL2222QQtZkm SEE PHOTO----- COMPLETE ORIGINAL newspaper, the Columbian Centinel (Boston, MA) dated March 26, 1800. Prominent front page hreadline and complete printing (in 4 front page columns) of the French CONSTITUTION of the YEAR VIII (see below). The Constitution of the Year VIII was a national constitution of France, adopted December 24, 1799 (during the Year VIII of the French Revolutionary Calendar), which established the form of government known as the Consulate. The coup of 18 Brumaire (November 9, 1799) effectively gave all power to Napoleon Bonaparte, and in the eyes of some, ended the French Revolution. After the coup, Napoleon and his allies legitimized his position by creating the "short and obscure Constitution of the Year VIII" (as Malcolm Crook has called it). The constitution tailor-made the position of First Consul to give Napoleon most of the powers of a dictator. It was the first constitution since the Revolution without a Declaration of Rights. The executive power was vested in three Consuls, but all actual power was held by the First Consul, Bonaparte. This was no longer Robespierre’s Republic, but the Roman Republic, which reminded the French of stability, order, and peace. To emphasize this, Napoleon used classical Roman terms in the Constitution: Consul, Senator, Tribune. The Constitution of Year VIII established a legislature with three houses: a Senate of 31 men over the age of 60, a Tribunate of 100 men, and a Legislative Body (Corps Législatif) of 300 men. The Constitution also used the term “notables.†The term “notables†was a common usage under the monarchy; every Frenchman understood it, and it was comforting. It referred to prominent, "distinguished" men: landholders, merchants, scholars, professionals, clergymen, officials. The people in each district chose a slate of "notables" by popular vote. The First Consul appointed the Senate, which then appointed the Tribunate and Corps Législatif from these slates. Napoleon held a plebiscite on the Constitution in December. The vote was not binding, but it allowed Napoleon to maintain a veneer of democracy. The vote was 3,000,000 in favor, and 1,500 against. This Constitution was succeeded by the Constitution of the Year X, which made Napoleon First Consul for Life. While in Egypt, Bonaparte stayed informed on European affairs by relying on the irregular delivery of newspapers and dispatches. On 23 August 1799, he set sail for France, taking advantage of the temporary departure of British ships blockading French coastal ports. Although he was later accused of abandoning his troops, the Directory ordered his departure, as France had suffered a series of military defeats to Second Coalition forces, and a possible invasion of French territory loomed. By the time he returned to Paris in October, a series of French victories meant an improvement in the previously precarious military situation. The Republic was bankrupt, however, and the corrupt and inefficient Directory was more unpopular than ever with the French public. Bonaparte was approached by one of the Directors, Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, seeking his support for a coup d'état to overthrow the constitutional government. The plot included Bonaparte's brother Lucien (then serving as speaker of the Council of Five Hundred), Roger Ducos, another Director, and Talleyrand. On 9 November (18 Brumaire) and the following day, troops led by Bonaparte seized control of and dispersed the legislative councils, leaving a legislative rump to name Bonaparte, Sieyès, and Ducos as provisional Consuls to administer the government. Although Sieyès expected to dominate the new regime, he was outmaneuvered by Bonaparte, who drafted the Constitution of the Year VIII and secured his own election as First Consul. This made Bonaparte the most powerful person in France, powers that were increased by the Constitution of the Year X, which declared him First Consul for life. Very Good condition. This listing includes the complete entire original newspaper, NOT just a clipping or a page of it. STEPHEN A. GOLDMAN HISTORICAL NEWSPAPERS stands behind all of the items that we sell with a no questions asked, money back guarantee. Every item we sell is an original newspaper printed on the date indicated at the beginning of its description. U.S. buyers pay $8 priority mail postage which includes waterproof plastic and a heavy cardboard flat to protect your purchase from damage in the mail. We do combine postage (to reduce postage costs) for multiple purchases sent in the same package. Please note that insurance is optional but highly recommended as once package is in the mail, buyer accepts all responsibility for loss or damage while in transit. We accept payment by PAYPAL, personal check, Money order, or credit card (Visa and Master Charge). We list hundreds of rare newspapers with dates from 1570 through 2004 on Ebay each week and we ship packages twice a week. This is truly SIX CENTURIES OF HISTORY that YOU CAN OWN! Please check out our constantly updated offerings by doing a seller search by clicking on the address below: http://cgi6.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?MfcISAPICommand=ViewListedItems&since=2&userid=qrst&include=0&rows=200 Please visit our EBAY STORE at: http://stores.ebay.com/Steve-Goldman-HISTORICAL-NEWSPAPERS_W0QQsspagenameZL2222QQtZkm Stephen A. Goldman Historical Newspapers has been in the business of buying and selling historical newspapers for over 40 years. The 2 principals in this business are Dr. Stephen A. Goldman and Mr. Eric C. Caren. Dr. Goldman is a consultant to the Freedom Forum Newseum and a member of the American Antiquarian Society. Mr. Caren ( the Caren Archive, Inc.) is a consultant to the Freedom Forum Newseum, a member of the American Antiquarian Society, and a former board member of the Ephemera Society. You can buy with confidence from us, knowing that we stand behind all of our historical items with a 100% money back guarantee. Let our 40+ years of experience work for YOU ! We have hundreds of thousands of historical newspapers (and their very early precursers) for sale. If you are a newspaper collector, a history buff, or are interested in the "first draft of history" you will want to view the video interview of Steve Goldman and Eric Caren, presently playing at the NEWSEUM in Washington, DC. In this 4 minute video, Goldman and Caren discuss their 45+ years of building the largest historical newspaper collection in private hands. The 200,000 sq ft Newseum is the world's first interactive museum of news and news history and is located at Pennsylvania Avenue and 6th Street, close to the Smithsonian Museums. The link to this video is at: http://www.newseum.org/exhibits_th/exhibits/video.aspx?item=NC-NHG_video&style=d Powered by eBay Turbo Lister
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