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.copyright { color : #000000; font-size : 8pt; font-family : arial, helvetica, sans-serif; } .link { font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size:12px; underline; color:#1E1E1E; } HR { color: #000000; } .item_image{ } .description { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10pt; } .patternframe { background: #000000; border: 3px solid #1E1E1E; padding: 80px 80px 80px 80px; } .stencilframe { background: #000000; } .stencil_bottom { background:url(http://imagehost.vendio.com/my/templates/Stencils/Corners/.samples/RoundedCorners/bottom.gif) } .stencil_top { background:url(http://imagehost.vendio.com/my/templates/Stencils/Corners/.samples/RoundedCorners/top.gif) } .stencil_left { background:url(http://imagehost.vendio.com/my/templates/Stencils/Corners/.samples/RoundedCorners/left.gif) } .stencil_right { background:url(http://imagehost.vendio.com/my/templates/Stencils/Corners/.samples/RoundedCorners/right.gif) } .main{ background: #1E1E1E; border: 3px solid #1E1E1E; padding: 40px 40px 40px 40px; width: 100%; } .navlinks { background: #003399; border: 1px solid #FFFFFF; text-align : center; padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px; width: 100%; } .navlink { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; } a:link.navlink, a:visited.navlink, a:active.navlink, a:hover.navlink { color:#FFFFFF; } .titledata { font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #DBDBDB; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10pt; } .titlebox { border: #1E1E1E solid 3px; padding: 10px 10px 10px 10px; text-align : center; background: #1E1E1E; } .descriptionbody { border: 3px solid #1E1E1E; padding: 15px 15px 15px 15px; background: #FFFFFF; width: 100%; } .standardheader { background: #1E1E1E; border-bottom: 3px solid #1E1E1E; padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px; width: 100%; } .standardheadertd { font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #E2E2E2; font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; } .standardheaderlink{ color: #E2E2E2; font-size: 10; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } a:link.standardheaderlink, a:visited.standardheaderlink, a:active.standardheaderlink, a:hover.standardheaderlink { color: #E2E2E2; } .standardtext{ font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10pt; padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px; width: 100%; } .custombox { border: 0px solid #FF9900; padding: 10px 10px 10px 10px; background: #141414; width: 100%; } .customboxheader { font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #009933; font-weight: bold; font-size: 16pt; padding: 10px 10px 10px 10px; } .customheader{ background: #000000; border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px; width: 100%; } .customheadertd{ font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; } .customheaderlink{ color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } a:link.customheaderlink, a:visited.customheaderlink, a:active.customheaderlink, a:hover.customheaderlink { color: #FFFFFF; } .customtext { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10pt; padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px; width: 100%; } .customlink { color: #1E1E1E; text-decoration: underline; } a:link.customlink, a:visited.customlink, a:active.customlink, a:hover.customlink { color: #1E1E1E; } .customimagelink { border-color: #1E1E1E; } Ancient JATIM Majapahit East Java Mosaic Glass Bead Click to view supersized image Click to view supersized image Click to view supersized image st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } Agustus-Collection Extremely Rare Ancient JATIM East Java Mosaic Glass Bead ca. 10th – 14th Cent. AD ~ Indonesia Item #: 40 0661 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ This highly collectible and outstanding Jatim Bead is offered to the Bead Connoisseur Type of beads : Genuine ancient JATIM East Java mosaic glass bead Origin : East Java Kingdoms Indonesia Age : circa 10th – 14th Cent. AD or probably earlier Weight : ca. 7.93 grams Size : ca. 18.4 mm diameter width/length from hole to hole circa 16.89 mm Perforation / hole : ca. 5.1 mm inside diameter Condition : Excellent condition! There are no damages and no repairs. The exquisite age-acquired patina is untouched and original as found. Expected corrosion and surface wear are a consequence of age and extended burial. Remarks : The two outstanding characteristics of Jatim beads are the thin layer of mosaic cane slices over a monochrome core, and the segmented or hot-pinched appearance of at least one of the ends, suggesting that several beads were prepared at one time. Appraisal ca. US$ 900 – 1200 History : Jatim Beads These polychromatic beads were produced in eastern and central Java, Indonesia from 900 AD and earlier. The name Jatim is derived from the combination of two terms: Jawa or Java and Timur or East. They show the influence of Roman and Middle Eastern bead-making techniques that pre-date Islam.There are many design types of Jatim glass beads including eye beads, mosaic beads and Pelangi or rainbow beads. Jatim beads date from circa the 10th to 14th century AD. Most Jatim Mosaic glass beads (term for Jawa = Java, Timur = East) have a thin coating of canes over a monochrome core. The Great Kingdoms of Java Kingdom of Mataram (752 AD –1045 AD) was an Indianized kingdom based in Central Java between the 8th and 10th centuries AD and was established by a raja of the same name. Although initially eclipsed in power by the rival Sailendra Dynasty, by 850 AD it had become the dominant power in Java and was a serious rival to the hegemonic Srivijaya Empire. Srivijaya Kingdom (3rd Century–14th Century AD) Sailendra Kingdom (8th Century AD – 832 AD) Hindu Kingdom of Kediri (1045 AD – 1221 AD) The MAJAPAHIT EMPIRE (1294 AD – 1400 AD) was the most powerful Indonesian Kingdom, with its capital at Trowulan (nearby Surabaya). Majapahit reached its golden peak under the king Hayam Wuruk (1350 AD) with his brilliant chief minister Gajah Mada. At that time Majapahit kingdom embraced almost the entire territory of what is now Indonesia. The kingdom of Majapahit flourished at the end of what is known as Indonesia's 'classical age'. This was a period in which the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism were predominant cultural influences. Beginning with the first appearance of Hinduized kingdoms in the archipelago in the 5th century A.D., this classical age was to last for more than a millennium, until the final collapse of Majapahit in the early 16th century and the establishing of Java's first Islamic sultanate at Demak. Legend has it that Hindu civilization and culture were introduced to Java in 78 AD by the sage Aji Saka. This figure is often associated with Agastya, the patron saint of southern India, whose image is a common sight on the southern walls of Central Javanese Hindu temples. Not unlike the god Neptune in appearance, Agastya is also recognized as Shiwa in his form of divine teacher. When he first brought the message of Hinduism to southern India, it is said that he stood in the north and faced south. The way in which Hindu/Buddhist culture was transmitted to Indonesia is still not yet fully understood. Older theories suggesting immigration and colonization by Indian merchants and settlers have tended to lose favour in the light of recent advances made in the fields of history and archaeology. The case seems rather to have been one in which the native Indonesians themselves played an active role in the selection and adaptation of foreign cultural forms, through which they were inspired. The great flowering of Hindu-Javanese civilization which sprang up in Central Java during the 8th and 9th centuries may be seen as the product of a dialogue between, on the one hand, the established forms of classical Hinduism and Buddhism, and on the other, the innovative qualities of a society whose traditional beliefs and customs were already firmly entrenched.The oldest datable evidence of a Hindu civilization in Indonesia comes from Kutei in eastern Kalimantan (Borneo). Stone inscriptions, written in sanskrit and dating from around 400 AD, record the reign of a King Mulawarman. At about the same time, in West Java, there existed a kingdom named Tarumanagara, yet more than this little is known, on account of the scarcity of archaeological remains. The spread of Islam (1200 AD – 1600 AD) Mosaic Glass Beads Mosaic glass beads are formed in at least two operations. The glassworker begins by making various components and these preformed parts are than used to compose or decorate the desired piece. There are several types of such work, but the most popular and significant group is millefiore. Mosaic / Millefiore glass beads are wound beads decorated with thin slices of multilayered or patterned drawn canes. Artistically crafted mosaic glass beads, also called millefiore (“thousand flowers in Italianâ€), are the product of great technical expertise in ancient times. The fine detail of the beads was achieved by laying a bundle of preformed colored glass rods in parallel rows so that the cross-section of the bundle had a pattern. The glass was than heat-softened and stretched, fusing the canes together. This miniaturized the design in such a way that the cross-sectional pattern remained unchanged. Bibliography on Glass Beads - Stern, E. Marianne, and Birgit Schlick-Nolte, Early Glass of the Ancient World 1600 BC - AD 50, Ernesto Wolf Collection. Gerd Hatje, Ostfildern, 1994, Germany. - Spaer, Maud, Ancient glass in the Israel Museum: beads and other small objects, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, 2001. - Lois Sherr Dubin, The History of Beads - From 30,000 B.C. to the Present, Thames and Hudson, London Don’t miss the opportunity to own a 100% authentic piece of ancient history! Our Photographs have been enlarged to show details. Most details shown in the large image are actually not visible to the naked eye. We have made the image as close as possible to the original item when viewed on our screen. Depending on the viewers monitor settings, these items may appear a few shades lighter or darker in comparison to the original object. HOME GUARANTEE & RETURN POLICY STORE POLICY SHIPPING PAYMENT PROCEDURE GUIDES FAQ s About the Seller Payment Back to Top I accept the following forms of payment: PayPal bank wire transfer Shipping & Handling Back to Top US Shipping$9.00 DHL Global Airmail Registered $19.50 FedEx International Express International Shipping$9.00 DHL Gobal Airmail Registered $19.50 FedEx International Express Additional Information Back to Top SquareTrade Certified Click to learn why you can trust me. Click to view supersized image Click to view supersized image Search our eBay Store Back to Top On Jul-04-08 at 03:31:46 PDT, seller added the following information: SquareTrade © AP6.0
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