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.copyright { color : #000000; font-size : 8pt; font-family : arial, helvetica, sans-serif; } .link { font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size:12px; underline; color:#000044; } HR { color: #000000; } .item_image{ } .description { font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #00005E; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12pt; } .patternframe { background: url(http://imagehost.vendio.com/elements/monsooncollection/.templates/pattern/933703644_img_115.gif); border: 3px solid #000000; padding: 40px 40px 40px 40px; } .stencilframe { background: url(http://imagehost.vendio.com/elements/monsooncollection/.templates/pattern/933703644_img_115.gif); } .stencil_bottom { background:url(http://imagehost.vendio.com/my/templates/Stencils/Corners/.samples/RoundedCorners/bottom.gif) } .stencil_top { background:url(http://imagehost.vendio.com/my/templates/Stencils/Corners/.samples/RoundedCorners/top.gif) } .stencil_left { background:url(http://imagehost.vendio.com/my/templates/Stencils/Corners/.samples/RoundedCorners/left.gif) } .stencil_right { background:url(http://imagehost.vendio.com/my/templates/Stencils/Corners/.samples/RoundedCorners/right.gif) } .main{ background: #020202; 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font-size: 10; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } a:link.customheaderlink, a:visited.customheaderlink, a:active.customheaderlink, a:hover.customheaderlink { color: #000000; } .customtext { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10pt; padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px; width: 100%; } .customlink { color: #000044; text-decoration: underline; } a:link.customlink, a:visited.customlink, a:active.customlink, a:hover.customlink { color: #000044; } .customimagelink { border-color: #000044; } Ancient Roman Mediterranean Glass Bead Strand Click to View Image Album Click to View Image Album Click to View Image Album Monsoon-International 1 0 2008-05-12T11:45:00Z 1 1017 5803 48 13 6807 11.9999 Normal 0 Clean false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} table.MsoTableGrid {mso-style-name:"Table Grid"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Angsana New"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} 60 0369 Rare Roman Mediterranean Glass Bead Strand ~ 200 BC – 400 AD / sourced in Afghanistan Type of beads : genuine ancient Roman glass beads Origin : from Mediterranean or Middle Eastern productions; sourced in Afghanistan Age : assorted from circa 200 BC – 400 AD Total weight : approx. 22.3 grams Size of beads : assorted from approx. 2.7 mm to 10.8 mm diameter Length of strand : 42.5 cm = 16.73 inches Perforation / hole : Assorted from 1 mm to 2.5 mm Condition : Excellent with ancient wear! There are no damages and no repairs. The age-acquired patina is untouched and original. Expected corrosion, minor chipping and surface wear are a consequence of age and extended burial. These beads are strung temporarily. The string used is new. History : Glass making was invented more than 2,000 years before the Roman Empire The terms "Roman" or "Roman-period" glass are used to describe glass production from 100 BC to AD 400 within the boundaries of the Roman Empire. Since approximately 1500 BC colored Roman Glass was made in Egypt, Palestine and Syria (Mesopotamian Empire). With the growing Roman Empire also the glass blowing techniques spread. With the invention of the blowing pipe technique glass making was completely modernized and glass was able to be shaped freely by hand. Under the reign of the first Emperor Augustus (1st century BC) glass making became an industry in the Roman Empire. Roman glass was made by using sand, alkali, sodium carbonate, coloring agents (metals) and was formed with burning seaweed and lime. Roman glass was produced in a large range of colors, patterns and frequently complex techniques. Metals were also used to make many colorful variations. Copper was used to make turquoise to light blue, green, red or opaque red colored glass. Some addition of cobalt made the glass dark blue. Yellowish and purple glass was created by the use of manganese and antimony to make the glass opaque yellow or opaque white. Also iron was used to make a light blue, green, brown and black color. Iridescence and opalescence on many ancient glass pieces is caused by the chemical decomposition of glass, the consequence of extended burial and the humidity and acid in the soil. HISTORY of Glass Beads When glass first became widespread as a new medium available to craftsmen in ancient times, around 1550 BC, it was a luxury item used either as an “ersatz” for semiprecious stones, or as an analog to stone offering new and exciting colors unavailable in natural stone. Since one of the established uses for semiprecious stones was to manufacture ornamental beads, glass bead making was a natural evolution of existing traditions. The first glass beads of the Bronze Age were, like most precious stones, monochrome. Soon, they became bichrome with the addition of “trailed” decoration. But as the period of prosperity of the second millennium came to an end, and the market for luxury goods dried up, the whole glass industry stalled for hundreds of years. With improving general conditions, glass work shops reopened, and with the 9th century BC came a new distinctive type of beads. The 8th and 7th century BC saw an important paradigm shift from opaque, stone-like, glass to considerable experimentation with the translucence of glass. It is during the 6th century BC, which saw a marked expansion in glass production in general, that more technically complex beads such as “stratified eye beads” became frequent. One gets a sense that glass workers were driven to compete in technical prowess. The technique of trailing and layering would reach its peak during the next three hundred years until Hellenistic glassworkers developed and applied glass drawing techniques to bead making. Multicolored and concentric rods and mosaic bars considerably enriched the repertoire of bead decoration and brought about a blossoming of the art of bead making techniques - .They also further divided the skills: the raw glass ingots could be made in one shop, the drawn canes or bars used for decoration in another, and the beads in a third, not necessarily in the same country. Although the invention of glass blowing did not technically affect bead making - as blowing is not applicable to the manufacture of beads - it had a profound economic impact on all glass. The new affordability of glass vessels made glass a high volume industry, with increasingly uniformly high quality products. The economical development of advanced production techniques and the safety of commercial routes developed by the power and the spreading of the Roman Empire also improved greatly the free flow of goods and artisans throughout the Empire. With the decline of the Roman Empire came also a slow decline in the quality of glass goods. Until the rise of Venetian glassmaking in the 15th century AD, glass craftsmen were by and large content with replicating the styles invented by their predecessors. With the exception to the new palette of brilliant colors developed by Islamic glass craftsmen between the 9th and 12th century AD, and despite continued strong demand for glass beads, the art of bead making had reached a plateau. Determining the origin and age of glass beads is difficult. Even when you are lucky enough to know the context in which a bead was found, it does not firmly establish its origin, as beads and bead jewelry are made of very durable material, a material that “travels” well. People in antiquity were avid for products from afar, and just as prone to collect items from previous centuries as we are ourselves today -. Some styles of beads may have been made especially for export and therefore be found more commonly outside of their area of production. The will to overcome these circumstantial difficulties has only recently been found in the archaeological community which initially found little interest in the study of beads. Bibliography on Glass Beads - Stern, E. Marianne, and Birgit Schlick-Nolte, Early Glass of the Ancient World 1600 BC - AD 50, Ernesto Wolf Collection. Gerd Hatje, Ostfildern, 1994, Germany. - Spaer, Maud, Ancient glass in the Israel Museum: beads and other small objects, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, 2001. - Lois Sherr Dubin, The History of Beads - From 30,000 B.C. to the Present, Thames and Hudson, London Don’t miss the opportunity to own a 100% authentic piece of ancient history! All photos are taken from the actual item. Our photographs have been enlarged to show details. Most details shown in the large image are actually not visible to the naked eye. We have made the image as close as possible to the original item when viewed on our screen. Depending on the viewers monitor settings, these items may appear a few shades lighter or darker in comparison to the original object. Payment Back to Top I accept the following forms of payment: PayPaldirect bank to bank wire transfer and US$ cashiers check if the invoice amount is more than US$ 150 Click to View Image Album Click to View Image Album Back to Top v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} Edi Swoboda Normal 1 10 2007-04-17T01:27:00Z 1 132 754 Edi 6 1 885 11.8122 Print Clean Clean false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} HOME | GUARANTEE and Return Policy | STORE POLICY | SHIPPING | PAYMENT PROCEDURE | GUIDES | FAQs | About the Seller Back to Top Member of the Thai Gem and Jewelry Traders Association Back to Top Monsoon-International Normal 1 0 2007-04-25T04:29:00Z 1 28 162 Monsoon-International Co.,Ltd 1 1 189 11.8122 Normal 0 Clean Clean 6 pt 2 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} ***** Now is a great time to shop at Monsoon-Collection ! 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